Last reviewed: 10 May 2026 · Reviewed by Dr. Lucas Martins
Dog food ingredients to watch
The short answer
The most common ingredients to watch on a UK dog food label are vague protein sources ('meat and animal derivatives'), artificial colours (E102, E110, E129), synthetic preservatives (BHA/BHT), and unspecified cereals. Named meats with declared percentages are the most transparent.
Ingredient-by-ingredient guide
Meat and animal derivatives
Umbrella term for any animal-sourced ingredient. Low transparency — you cannot know which animal or parts.
Not harmful, but brands naming specific meats are more trustworthy.
Artificial colours (E102, E110, E129)
Synthetic dyes with no nutritional benefit. Added for owner appeal, not the dog.
Clearest indicator of a lower-quality formulation.
BHA and BHT (E320, E321)
Synthetic preservatives. Permitted but concerns exist about long-term consumption.
Premium brands use natural alternatives like mixed tocopherols.
Vegetable protein extracts
Plant protein that inflates total protein cheaply. Often soya-based.
Not harmful in small amounts, but should not be the primary protein source.
Sugar / caramel
No nutritional value. Can contribute to dental issues and weight gain.
More common in semi-moist foods.
Cereals (unspecified)
Vague category that can include any grain. Listed first = grain-heavy food.
Specified grains (rice, barley) are more transparent.
Named fresh meat (e.g., "chicken 26%")
Gold standard for transparency. Named source with declared percentage.
Fresh meat is ~70% water, so the cooked proportion is lower.
Safety notice
This page provides general educational information about dog nutrition. It is not a veterinary consultation, diagnosis, or treatment plan. If your dog is unwell, has a diagnosed condition, is under 12 months old, or is pregnant or lactating, please contact a veterinary surgeon registered with the RCVS.
Frequently asked questions
Are "meat and animal derivatives" dangerous?
Not necessarily, but very low transparency. Better foods name specific meats.
Should I avoid all artificial additives?
Permitted additives are assessed for safety. Artificial colours with no nutritional purpose are the clearest quality signal.
Is grain-free dog food better?
Not necessarily. Grain-free substitutes grains with potatoes or legumes. Some FDA concerns exist about links to DCM. Discuss with your vet.
What is "crude ash"?
The mineral content measured by incinerating a sample. Not literal ash. Levels above 10% may indicate high bone meal.
About the Founder: Dr. Lucas Martins — Built with transparent criteria, careful label review, and clear educational boundaries.